As the name suggest, Panchkarma means Pancha Karma i.e. Five Methods or Five Operation in Ayurvedic Medicinal System. These are:

Properties of herbs that are used in Virechan Karma

1. Ushan (hot): due to this ushan gunn (hot property) virechak dravya (purgative herbs) makes doshas vishyand i.e. it melts the doshas and then makes it to reach amashya (stomach) and mahastrota (gastro intestinal tract) thus doshas enters in koshth (body trunk), which are easier to eliminate from the body.
   
   

1. Tikshan (sharpness) ): it is an agneye (fire) in dominance thus helps in melting the doshas which get stick to the body parts due to this property it easily penetrate

1. Vyavyahi: it is property in which the herb enters body and digested in the whole body. It has dominance of Aakash and Vayu mahabhoot.

1. Vikashi: it helps in separating the doshas which are stuck to the dhatus (tissues) so as to make the movement in the body trunk so as to get it removed by the action of purgatives.

1. Suksham (fineness): due to Aakash mahabhoot, vyavyahi and tejas gunna it gets the property of penetrating power which helps it to penetrating into the small strotas (channels)
   
   
   
2. Adhomargharan: due to this property the downward movement is obtained and the dosha re carried in the downward direction and hence acts as purgative

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