As the name suggest, Panchkarma means Pancha Karma i.e. Five Methods or Five Operation in Ayurvedic Medicinal System. These are:

How does an Emetic Work

According Maharishi Charak the emetic substance which is empowered with be ushan, tikshan, suksham, vyavyahi and vikashi qualities, reaches the hridya by its own penetrating power (swa veeryena) and from there, it gets into the dhamanees (channels) and entering the big and minute strotas (sthoola anu srotrebhyah) throughout the body (kevelam sareeragatam), liquefies the doshas lodge there, by its agneye (biochemical) quantities and breaks (vicchindati) the dosha by its tikshan qualities. The dosha thus liberated, enters the circulation broken and when the patient’s body had been sufficiently lubricated by the previous Snehan, the dosha cannot stick up anywhere, just as honey cannot stick up in a vessel, which is anointed with oil and therefore the dosha naturally comes to the koshth.

From the alimentary canal the dosha is finally vomited out by the action of udan Vayu. The emetic which starts its action in the alimentary canal enters the circulation and brings the dosha along with it, into the alimentary canal for elimination from there.

Excessive use of the emetics

If the dose of the emetic is excessive, there would be atiyoga, i.e. excessive action of the emetic which is not desirable. Such a dose produces excessive evacuation of pitta, unconsciousness and pain in the heart region and throat. Moreover thirst, coma, , vitiation of Vayu , sleepiness, excessive weakness also may be caused. Streaks of blood, foam etc, and may be seen in the vomited matter. There may be tympanitis, hemorrhages etc as a result of an excessive dose of an emetic herb.

Ayoga- insufficient dose of emetics

There, in the Ayoga or improper evacuation of the dosha the emetic , the symptoms caused by such an improper dose are dribbling of saliva, sensation as if there is no purification in the heart region and itching, skin eruption (kotha and sphotaka) and heaviness of the body.

Dhumapanam after emetics

The patients who has had a desirable evacuation (samyoga) of the dosha by the emetic (Vaman karma) should have a Dhumapanam (medicated smoking). There are three kinds of medicated smokes, Snehan, virechan, and samana. The proper one should be selected. If there is still some little dosha, a little virechan or samana Dhumapanam should be given: if there is excessive evacuation and consequently a little increase of vata is suspected, a Snehan Dhumapanam is given.

Diet to administered after Vaman karma

The patient should not take food immediately; he should at least fast until afternoon. When according to his jatharagni, he should be allowed to take a light meal with kulutha yoosha or mugadha yoosha or aadhaka yoosha or jaangalamaamsarasa, having taken a refreshing hot water bath.

Maharishi charak says that the patient should fast for that day or may take a thin manda and yavagu of old red saali rice on that day in the evening if he is so allowed by the physician after judging his digestive capacity. He should repeat the same at the time of the two meals on the next day also; on the third day, he should take the vilepi or thick kanjee of the same rice preferably without salt or with very little salt (if it is so desired by the (patient). The same is too repeated on the third day evening and fourth day forenoon (only two meals are to allowed). On the evening of the fourth day, he may take same old rice well boiled with the mudga yoosha. The same is to be repeated on the fifth day both forenoon and evening. On the sixth day, in the morning, he may take the same food with jaangalamaamsarasa added to it (according top satmyam of the body) the same food is to be repeated in the evening and on the seventh day both in the morning and evening. On the eight day onwards, the patient may gradually indulge in his usual food but with good care.

The principal to be noted here is that the consideration of jatharagni (digestive fire)is most important. The Shodhana karma (Vaman) makes the jatharagni weak by its nature and any food hastily given after such Shodhana Kama only weakens the jatharagni further which means further vitiation of the tridoshas eventfully. Hence, if his jatharagni is alright the patient may be allowed to take light meals: otherwise manda, peya etc should be given prior to the administration of the usual food for some days till his jatharagni becomes proper. In this connection, Maharishi Charak has mentioned that just as the fire in the outside world is kindled by the bits of dry straw, hay, dry cow dung cakes, small dry twigs, etc. and gradually develops into a large fire, when it will be able to consume powerful by graded and planned diet, hence it should be kindled by peya etc, and made firm before normal indulgence in ordinary foods.

It is very important to mention here that during the whole course of treatment of Vaman karma, a person should follow all the rules and regulation of brahmacharya (non indulgence in sexual affair) as mentioned by Maharishi sushurut.

Things to be avoided

In chronic diseases where systematic Vaman karma is done after sneak and swedan, the patient, in addition to the regulation of diet mentioned already, should rest in the room free from draughts and should not indulge in overwork, fasting, excessive walking, walking in night, sexual intercourse, sleep, heavy and in compatible food etc.

Vaman in rasayan treatment

Person who desires to take rasayan treatment (though they do not suffer from any disease) should first undergo panchkarma, Vaman being the first karma in the sequence of five methods of treatment. Patient should carefully and patiently undergo all the procedures for the duration each and every process requites

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