Nystagmus
February 11, 2009
Nystagmus is when your eyes move by themselves and you have no control over it. It can cause your vision to become poor or you can even lose it. Most often, it is a mixture of fast and slow eye movements. When you are observing some visual pattern, it can happen. That is normal. However, it is abnormal if your eyes keep moving even if you do not want them to.
The problem may be in those parts of the brain that are in charge of eye movements.
Types
Nystagmus can be of two main types, congenital or acquired.
Congenital Nystagmus
This is the type, which is present at birth. Usually mild, it does not change in severity. Although most often, even the person affected does not notice it. It is can be noticed by someone who observes intently. In case of movement with large amplitude, the vision might be affected, although surgery might improve the vision.
Acquired Nystagmus
This type is less common and is the result of a disease or injury of the central nervous system. Some medication like Dilantin, toxicity and alcohol intoxication can also be the possible causes of Nystagmus.
Causes
The possible causes of Nystagmus may be due to genetic inheritance, or be related to a sensory problem or it might even be unknown.
If normal binocular fixation does not develop early on in life, then the person may develop Nystagmus. A cataract or some other visual problem at birth can cause this.
Conditions like albinism can affect the eyes and cause Nystagmus.
Eye disorders like optic atrophy, colour blindness, very high myopia or severa astigmatism or opacities in the structure of the eye can result in Nystagmus
It can occur as a symptom of an inflammation of the inner ear called acute labyrinthitis.
Brain lesions can result in this disorder.
Treatment
Nystagmus can be helped by taking motion sickness medications, however the effect can wear out if taken repeatedly. The patient is asked to move his or her head around to evoke the symptom every morning. This is done till it does not happen any longer. This will prevent it from returning for several hours or even the entire day.
Therapies like prisms, contact lenses, eyeglasses or eye muscle surgery can help reduce Nystagmus.
However, before treating it, it is important to ensure that it is not a symptom of any underlying cause.
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