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Botanical Classification |
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Botanical classification |
kingdom |
Plantae |
Division |
magnoliophyta |
Class |
magnolipsida |
Order |
piperales |
Family |
piperaceae |
Genus |
Piper |
Species |
longum |
Piper longum |
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Family |
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Botanical – piperaceae
Ayurvedic –pippali kul
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Synonyms |
- English name – long pepper
- Hindi name – pippal
- Sanskrit name- pippali
- Gujarati name – pippal
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Habitat |
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It is found throughout India especially in the warmer places. It is also found in Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Sri Lanka and south Asian regions.
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Morphology |
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It is a creeper that spreads on the ground or may take support of other trees. Leaves are 2 to 3 inch long. The older leaves are dentate, dark in color and heart shaped. The younger leaf is ovate in shape and contains 5 veins on them. Flowers are monoceous and male and female flowers are borne on different plants. Male flower stalk is about 1 to 3 inch long and female flower stalk is ½ to 1 inch long. Fruit is long. When it ripes it attains red color and when it dries it attains black color. It is one inch in diameter. The plant flowers in rains and fruits in early winters.
According to ayurveda it has 4 varieties
- Pippali
- Gaja pippali
- Saheli
- Vana pippli
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Chemical Constituents |
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| It contains aromatic oil that is about 0.7 %, piperine 4 to 5 % and an alkaloid and pipalartine. Besides this it contains sesamin and piplasterol. The root contains pipperin 0.15 to 0.18 %, pippalartin (0.13 to 0.20 %), pipperleguminin, sterols and glycosides
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Pharmacology |
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| It is pitta suppressant nad vata and kapha aggravator. It has a strong erge to suppress any kind of infection occurring in the body due to its pungent taste. It helps in en expelling out the mucus that gets accumulated in the respiratory tract and also the sinuses present in face due to its sharp properties. It also strengthens the nervous system. It is a good digestive agent and helps in improving the gastrointestinal condition and also normalizes the peristaltic movements. It has a great effect on the respiratory tract.
According to ayurveda it contains
- Gunna (properties) – tikshan (sharp), snigdh (slimy) and laghu light
- Rasa (taste) - katu (pungent)
- Virya (potency) –moderate
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Toxicology |
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It is safe for human consumption when taken in normal dosage.
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Plant part used |
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Fruit and root
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Indication |
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- Inflammation
- Pain
- Nervine weakness
- Tastelessness
- Indigestion
- Loss of appetite
- Constipation
- Pain abdomen
- Piles
- Liver related problems
- Anemia
- Heart related problems
- Blood disorders
- Cough
- Asthma
- Hiccups
- General body weakness
- Tuberculosis
- Decreased sperm count
- Menstrual disturbances
- Skin related disorders
- Worms
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Uses |
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- Oil and paste- it is used in applying on wounds and skin related ailments. It suppresses pain and also reduces inflammation.
- Powder –it maintains the normalcy of digestive tract and also helps in maintaining the proper peristaltic movement in the body. It tones up the respiratory tract and also cubs any kind of infection occurring the body. It also helps in toning up of urinary tract. It provides strength to the body.
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