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Botanical Classification |
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Botanical classification |
kingdom |
Plantae |
Division |
magnoliophyta |
Class |
magnolipsida |
Order |
piperales |
Family |
piperaceae |
Genus |
Piper |
Species |
betle |
Piper betle |
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Family |
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Botanical – piperaceae
Ayurvedic –pippali kul
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Synonyms |
- English name- betel
- Hindi name –paan
- Sanskrit name- tambul / nagvallari / saptashira
- Gujarati name – nagarbel
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Habitat |
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It is generally found in hot and moist climatic condition. In India it is found in Bihar, Bengal, Orrisa, south India and Karnataka. It is also seen in Sri Lanka.
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Morphology |
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It has a perennial creeper that bears leaves that are 4 to 7 inch long and 2 to 4 inch broad. It bears 5 to 7 veins. Petiole is ½ to 1 ½ inch long. Male flower stalk is 3 to 6 inch long and female stalk is 0.7 to 3 ½ inch long. Fruit stalk is 1 to 5 inch long. The plant fruits and flowers in summers.
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Chemical Constituents |
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| Leaves contain protein 3.1 %, carbohydrate 6.9 %, minerals 2.3 %, and tannins 2 %. It contains calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine and potassium is also present. Vitamin B, vitamin c and vitamin A. leaves contains bitter compounds that are about 0.7 to 2.6 %. It also contains an aromatic compound and stable oils like phenol and terpene. Besides this it contains eugenol, chavibetol and hydroxychavicol.
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Pharmacology |
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| It is vata and kapha suppressant. It is an effective anti wormal agent because of its pungent taste. It is an excellent anti infectious agent again because of its pungent taste. It helps in normalizing the digestive tract hence is very effective in maintaining the digestive system because of its light properties. It provides strength to the heart and tones up the cardiovascular system. It also helps in expelling out the mucus form the respiratory tract because of its hot potency. It is also a good aphrodisiac agent.
According to ayurveda it contains
- Gunna (properties) – tikshan (sharp), ruksh (dry) and laghu light
- Rasa (taste) - katu (pungent) and tickta (bitter)
- Virya (potency) – ushan (hot)
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Toxicology |
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It is safe for human consumption when taken in normal dosage.
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Plant part used |
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Leaves
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Indication |
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- Throat related problems
- Diphtheria
- Lymphadenopathy
- Back pain
- Impotency
- Erectile dysfunction
- Indigestion
- Loss of appetite
- Constipation
- Heart related problems
- Rhinitis
- Asthma
- Cough
- Fever
- General body weakness
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Uses |
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- Paste-it is used for gargles on the throat and diphtheria. It is also used to apply on the throat related problems, breast inflammation, back pain etc. it is also used to apply on the penis in case of erectile dysfunction.
- Powder –it is used in mouth disorders, indigestion and reduced peristaltic movements. It is also helpful in throat related problems and respiratory problems. It also provides strength to the body and loss strengthens the cardiovascular system. It works as an aphrodisiac agent and help in maintaining body temperature.
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