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Botanical Classification |
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Kingdom |
Plantae |
Division |
Magnoliophyta |
Class |
magnoliopsida |
Order |
sapindales |
Family |
rutaceae |
Genus |
Aegle |
Species |
marmelos |
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Family |
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Botanical - rutaceae
Ayurvedic – jambir kul
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Other Names |
- English : Bael tree, Holy fruit tree
- Hindi : Bel, sirphal
- Kannada : Belapatri
- Malayalam : Kuvvalam Kulakam
- Sanskrit : Vilvah Sivadrumah Sriphalah
- Tamil : Kuvilam Vivam
- Telugu : Bilvau, Maredu
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Habitat |
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It is found throughout India, especially in dry forests. It is also cultivated for commertial purposes.
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Morphology |
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A medium sized armed deciduous tree upto 8.0 m high with straight,sharp,axillary thorns and yellowish brown shallowly furrowed corky bark; leaves trifoliate, aromatic, alternate, leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, crenate, pellucid-punctate, the laterals subsessile and the terminal long-petioled; flowers greenish white, sweet scented, in axillary panicles; fruits globose, woody berry with yellowish rind; seeds numerous oblong, compressed, embedded in orange brown sweet gummy pulp.
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Chemical Constituents |
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Fruit contains marmalosin, young bark contains coumarin, an umbelliferone; old bark has umbelliferone and coumarin. Leaves are having essential oil, and f3-phellandrene. Matured bark contains fragrine, umbelliferone marmesin, sterols and triterpenoids. The leaves contain 0.6% essential oil mostly compound of d-limonene.
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Pharmacology |
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Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of leaves (0.5 g/kg) given orally produced significant hypoglycaemia in normal fasted rabbits, but not petroleum ether extract. Aqueous extract showed cardiac stimulant, smooth muscle relaxant and uterine stimulant properties. Alcoholic extract showed cardiac depressant, smooth muscle relaxant and uterine relaxant properties. Daily administration of both extracts for six weeks caused necrosis and congestion of liver and kidney; symptoms were more pronounced with aqueous extract.
According to ayurveda it contains
- Gunna (properties) –laghu (light) and ruksh (dry)
- Rasa (taste) – tickt (bitter) and kashaya (astringent)
- Virya (potency) – ushan (hot)
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Toxicology |
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It has no toxic effect on human body if taken in limited amount
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Plant part used |
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Roots, bark, leaves and fruit
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Indication |
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- Body aches
- Joint pains
- Inflammation
- Infection
- Nervine tonic
- Loss of appetite
- Worm infestation
- Diarrhea
- Dysentry
- Liver related disorders
- Heart related ailments
- Diabetes
- Fever especially malarial fever
- Eyes related problems
- Cough and cold
- Female tonic
- Leucorrhea
- Hemorrhages
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Uses |
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Paste - it is helpful in resolvng pains and inflammation.
Powder – it helps in curbing the digestive related problems like indigestion and diarrhea. It also promotes appetite. It nourishes heart and helps in clotting of blood in case of injuries and hemorrhages. It helps in relieving from inflammation of the internal organs especially of uterus. It is a good nervine tonic.
Juice - It is very effective in diabetes and urinary problems. It is also helpful in respiratory disorders like cough, cold and asthma. It is effective in gonorrhea, leucorrhea and menstrual disturbances. It also helps in increasing gensral body strength. It is also effective in heart relatd problems.
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