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Ovary in the female anatomy is the place where eggs and female hormones are produced. The cancer that develops in the ovarian cells is known as the ovarian cancer. This is a result of the growth of a malignant tumor in the ovary. Among women, ovarian cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancers and the fifth among the main causes of death by cancer in women. This occurs mostly after menopause and above the age of 65 years for most of the patients.

Who are at Risk of ovarian cancer?

Certain conditions that make some women more prone to ovarian cancer are as follows:

Those women who have never been pregnant

Those women who take fertility drugs for a prolonged period of time

Those women who have had breast cancer

Taking oral contraceptive pill and breastfeeding babies works in lowering the risk of ovarian cancer.

Causes of Ovarian Cancer

The cause or better, the factors leading to ovarian cancer can be manifold. Some of them include:

The number of children a woman has; more number of children reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.

Late age of first pregnancy

High dose of hormonal contraception

Intake of fertility drugs for a long time without any effect

Genetic factor; carriers of BRACAI or BRCA2 genes

Women of certain particular population like the Ashkenazi Jewish women

Family history of gastrointestinal cancer

Certain other factors that have not been yet proven for leading to ovarian cancer are as follows:

According to BBC researchers, consumption of more milk isw a risk causing factor for ovarian cancer

Less exposure to vitamin D

Talc use

Asbestos exposure

High fat content in diet

Mumps infection as a child

Too much alcohol consumption

Ovarian Cancer Symptoms

Like almost all cancers, ovarian cancers also do not show much symptoms at the early stage. This is called a “ silent killer” since for ovarian cancer, the symptoms raenoticed much too late. However as the cancerous growth begins to increase, they start showing symptoms like:

Abdominal swelling for a long time

Abdominal and pelvic pain

Poor appetite

Weight loss

Frequent urinating

Problems with digestion

Bloating

Constipation

Non-menstrual bleeding from vagina

Fatigue

Pain while intercourse

Menstrual irregularities

But it should be kept in mind that these symptoms do not always indicate to ovarian cancer as they can happen to general individuals too.

Stages of Ovarian Cancer

The FIGO staging system is used to mark the stages of ovarian cancer. They are as follows:

Stage 1—the cancer is either seen in one ovary or both.

Stage I A

Stage I B

Stage I C

Stage 2—Extension or implant in the pelvis

Stage II A

Stage II B

Stage II C

Stage 3—microscopic implants of peritoneal nature are seen outside the pelvis. Are seen

Stage III A

Stage III B

Stage III C

Stage 4—Metastases are seen on the liver or the outside of the peritoneal cavity.

Complications of Ovarian Cancer

The complications leading from ovarian cancer might be as follows:

The cancer may spread to other organs

The functionality of various organs might be lost

Fluid might accumulate in the abdomen

There might be intestinal obstructions

Other abdominal organ function can be disrupted

Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is rarely diagnosed at the early stages. But when malignancy is diagnosed a number of tests are included, such as:

Complete blood count(CBC) test

Serum electrolyte test

Serum BHCG level test in possibly pregnant women

serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) measurement

lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) measurement

CA-125 blood test

CT scan

Trans-vaginal ultrasound

Ovarian Cancer Treatment

The treatment procedure for this disease are as follows:

Surgery

Chemotherapy

Radiotherapy

Counseling of the patient and the relatives for emotional support.

 
 

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