Genetic Disease
June 27, 2008
Genetic diseases are those diseases which are caused by some complications in genes and chromosomes. Any disease can cause you with any of the factor either genetic or environmental. There are four types of genetic diseases.
Monogenic -Monogenic diseases are also called single-genetic disease. This disease is caused because of changes in DNA, sequence of one gene. Genes are codes of proteins that molecules carry out most of the work. They also help to perform most work. They are helpful to make majority of cell structures. There are about 6,000 known single-gene disorders, which occur in about 1 out of every 200 births. Some of the examples of this type of genetic disease are cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, Marfan syndrome, Huntington’s disease, and hereditary hemochromatosis.
Polygenic-These genetic disease are also called complex or multifactorial disease. These diseases are caused environmental factors and mutations in multiple genes. This is more complicated as compare to single genetic or chromosomal diseases. Some of the most common chronic disorders are multifactorial. Examples: heart disease, high blood pressure, Alzheimer’s disease, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, and obesity. Multifactorial inheritance also is associated with heritable traits such as fingerprint patterns, height, eye color, and skin color.
Chromosomal-DNA and protein both make distinct structures that are chromosomes, which located in nucleus of every cell. Chromosomes carry genetic material so abnormalities in chromosome genetic structure sometimes missing or copied in or rejoining all reaches ultimately to disease. Some chromosomal abnormalities can be checked by microscope. Examples: down syndrome, trisomy21
Mitochondrial- This type of genetic disorder is very rare. This disease is caused by mutations in the non chromosomal DNA of mitochondria. Mitochondria are small rod like structures that helps in cellular respiration. This is also found in animal cells and cytoplasm of a plant. Each one of them contained 5-10 pieces of DNA.
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