Sampraapti

Sampraapti means sequential description of the pathogenesis that occurs in our body due to advent of a disease. The details of morbid processes i.e. Vata, pitta, kapha, sapt dhatus (seven dhatus), three malas (mutra, purish and swed) that takes place in different diseases or in different stages of the same disease. The accumulation, movements and aggravation of doshas and the process in which the disease take place are a part of sampraapti.

Sampraapti can make us understood by the knowledge of intake of cause, the degree of its affect, and how it affects the constitution and the physiology of the body and then resides in which part of the body. Sampraapti includes main cause, precipitating factors, sex, age, time, pathology, diet and lifestyle and all the changes that comes under sequence known as sampraapti.

Synonyms of sampraapti are jaati and aagati.

Take an example that the doshas gets aggravated due to any reason or cause which enters into the amashya (stomach) and then disturbs (jatharagni) and expels it out from its place of action i.e. Amashya (stomach) and entering into the rasa dhatu causing jwar (fever). Such a description or morbid processes are included in sampraapti or the pathogenesis.

Sampraapti is subdivided into six types.

1. Sankhaya or number – it id the number of varieties or types in which disease may manifest itself. Take an example of types of jwar (fever) , it is of eight types i.e. vata, pitta, kapha, vatapitta, pittakapha, vatakapha, vatapittakapha and agantuj (external)., five types of kaas (cough) etc.
   
   
2. Pradhanya or dominant - it is the predominance of a particular dosha or doshas or it confirms that the disease caused is swatantra (primary or independent) or partantra (secondary or complication of primary disease).
   
   
3. Vidhi or order - classifying the disease with reference to either the two-fold caused as nija (idiopathic or individual) or agantuj (traumatic) or to the three fold classification of saadhya (easily curable), aasadhya (incurable), krichsaadhya (difficult to cure) and yaapya (incurable disease but judicious diet and conduct, life can be prolonged).
   
   
4. Vikalpa –it is the measure in which the dosha are excited in the doshic triad (vata, pitta and kapha) or the measure in which the dosha gunnas that excite the doshas exist.
   
   
5. kala or time – the time factor which makes the disease severe, moderate or mild, i.e. the seasons, day night, hour of eating etc.
   
   
6. Bala or strength – bala is the strength of a disease, known by severity of the attack, presence or absence of all the symptoms etc and so on.
   
   

1. Sampraapti can be still divided into six stages or path by which the action occurs in the body. These are the six stages by which a disease occurs. It is very essential for any physician to have the knowledge of these stages as one can get an idea in which the disease can be cured. If the imbalance in dosha is checked at the first stage, disease can be prevented. If the derangement of there dosha is not recognized and if prompt treatment is not given then damage continues and proceeds to the next stage. Similarly when each of the successive stages is neglected the disease takes a definite shape and nay sometimes become yaapya (incurable disease but judicious diet and conduct, life can be prolonged) or aasadhya (incurable).

Following are the six stages known as shad kriya kaal are described in the doshic changes during the course of a disease: -

• Sanchaya or the accumulation phase – it is accumulation or stagnation of the aggravated, attenuated or vitiated vata, pitta or kapha in their respective places, instead of circulating in the body freely.
  
  

• Prakopa or excited phase – in this phase, the altered dosha then gets swollen up or excited.
  
  

• Prasara or spread– when the prakopa occurs in body then precedes the stage of prasara. In this after the excited dosha spreads to various places.
  
  

• Sthanasanshraya or specific locations – the abnormal doshas gets located or placed in other sites causing certain diseases in the parts affected constituting the fourth kriya kaal. This time is the manifestation of the disease clinically and presents it self as purva roopam or the prodromal symptoms.
  
  

• Vyakti or manifestation – in this all the clinical feature come to the picture completely and represents the roopa (sign and symptoms) in the body.
  
  

• Bheda or variation – it is the last stage of the shad kriya kaal where the disease runs its course, either subsiding wholly or getting chronic or causing the death of the patient according to the gravity of the condition and the treatment adopted.

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