Nidanam, also known as hetu or kaaran in ayurvedic terminology, is the cause or factor by which pathogenesis occurs in the body. Firstly we may say that there is only one cause of the disease. Viz., vitiation of three doshas. This is caused due to consumption of unsuitable objects which are unable in maintaing the homeostasis of the body. But in order to make a closer study of the cause of the disease we have to take into consideration all the possible ways in which the doshas may be deranged and all the possible way in which unsuitable objects may indulge in by man by the improper use of his mind and his sensory receptors.

Types of Nidanam

Nidanam is of four types (Categories 1).

These are

• Sannikrista nidanam
• Viprakrista nidanam
• Vyabbhicharika nidanam
• Pradhanika nidanam.

Nidanam may again be classified into three categories (Categories 2)

1. Asatmyendriyardha samyoga
2. Pragyapradh
3. Parinama

There is another category of nidanam.In this category it is divided into three (Categories 3)

1. Dosha nidanam
2. Vyadhi nidanam
3. Ubhaya nidanam

Nidanam can again be divided into two categories (Categories 4)

1. Utpaadaka
2. Vyanjaka

Again it can be classified into two categories.(Categories 5)

1. Baahya hetu (external cause)
2. Abhayantar hetu (internal cause)

The vitiated doshas are again classified into 2 categories.(Categories 6)

• Anubandha (the subordinate dosha)
• Anubandhya (the main dosha)

This distinction of dosha that it is main or subordinate is to be analyzed as the cure or remedy is generally directed to ward the main dosha. But there are some exceptions like upadrava (complication) which is an anubandha dosha, also goes away when the main disease is treated. But due to some dangers upadrava or the complications are to be treated first and then the main disease.

Nidanam is also classified into three more types more types which are mentioned under gati (movements).(Categories 7)

These are

1. Kshaya i.e. decrease
2. Sthaanam i.e. normal
3. Vriddi i.e. increase

There is other classification by which involvement of ama is to be considered. (Categories 8)

Theses are

1. Saam
2. Niraam

Nidanam is still classified into tow kinds (Categories 9)

These are:

1. Nija
2. Agantuka
   

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