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Descriptions of the ‘Terms’ and ‘definitions’ used in
Bhaishajiya Kalpana (Pharmacy) and Ayurveda
related texts.
While studying any scientific text and literature there is always
necessity to clarify certain terms For this very purpose the paribhasha prakarna (definition section) is found in sharangdhar
Samhita. But as we have seen in the historical development of
Bhaishajiya Kalpana we found the charka to be the most ancient text, parallel to it is
Susruta Samhita and the Kashyapa Samhita. All these
Samhita are collectively known as vriddha trayee or brihata trayee (the greater triad). These
Samhita have used all the action words definitions that exists in the ayurvedic references till date.
After about several hundred years from charka
Samhita, sharangdhar for the fist time used the word of paribhasaha (definition) to collect and unify all those terms from charka
Susruta and Vagbhata Samhita in order to define the exact actions of the medicines. All these terms range from surgical to medicine, rasa (mineral and taste theory as and the dosha, dhatu,
and mala, (the basic theory of doshas and other entities) by Ayurveda. Perhaps this was the first aspect of making classification of terms and definitions separately to impart the basic knowledge to a beginner of Ayurveda.
Basically there are two major categories of definitions as samanya sangya (generalized definition) and vishaesha sangya (specific definition)
In all there are about 1800 terms used in Ayurveda. They will be discussed as they appear.
Here we are listing the definitions and terms used in the ayurvedic text section describing the
Bhaishajiya Kalpana from all relevant
Samhita and text.
Following generalized terms are found in context with
Bhaishajiya Kalpana. (listed alphabetically).
- Anulomana (dosha removal agents from anus)
- Apadan (agents)
- Avasadan (depressants)
- Balaprada (strengthening)
- Bhedanam (piercing)
- Bodhanam (provoking)
- Dooshan (contaminators)
- Grahi (astringents)
- Ghati (septic)
- Janan (germinating agents)
- Kirshanam (scrapping or rubbing agents)
- Kopan (pollutant)
- Kledanam (moistening)
- Karavarta (agents to starting/doing)
- Lekhan (scrapping)
- Maardavakrita (softening)
- Nashan (destroyers)
- Nigrahan (inhibitors)
- Paachan (digestive)
- Prabodhan (initiators)
- Prasadan (stimulants)
- Pravartan (inducers)
- Shodhanam (cleansing agents)
- Shanshamana (stoppers/ blockers)
- Syandanam (secretion stimulants)
- Soshanam (absorbents)
- Sthapanam (reestablishing agents)
- Tarpanam (satisfier)
- Upchayakrita (metabolites)
- Viranjaniya (coloration/pigmenting agents)
- Vardhanam (generative/producers)
- Vichhedanam (dissecting or disintegrating)
- Vidahi (burning sensation producer)
These generalized terms and definitions are used very frequently in
Bhaishajiya Kalpana segment that is Ayurveda pharmacy.
References –
- Ashtaang Hridya –Sanskrit text edited by Bramhananda Tripathi published by Chaukhambha Surbahrti Varanasi India
- Charak samhita voll1-2 classical text from Chaukhambha Surbahrti publications Varanasi India
- Sharangdhar Samhita- Sanskrit text edited by Bramhananda Tripathi published by Chaukhambha Surbahrti Varanasi India
- Sushrut Samhita voll-1, 2 & 3 –by Anantram Sharma published by Chaukhambha Surbahrti Varanasi India
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