This description of the anukta and visheshokta is very interesting .It clarifies the confusions that arises from the terms and definitions. About this the anukta and visheshokta section gives us the clear meaning of the context. The word anukta means the ‘Unstated’. In context where nothing is clearly said; the anukta (unstated) is taken as standard parameter.

In the same way the visheshokta (specifically stated) has got that particular meaning of what that has nothing relevance with the subject concerned with it. Here are a few examples of the anukta and visheshokta are-

• When the time of medicine is unstated; it is always the morning time.
• When useful part of herb is unstated; it is always its root.
• When the quantity of drugs unstated than it is always the samabhaga (equal proportion) 4-when the utensil unstated then it is always the clay pot.
• When the liquid is unstated then it is always water.
• If a drug is repeated in combination than it is taken twice in quantity unstated.
• When oil is unstated then it is tila tail ( Sesame oil).
• When salt is unstated then it is always the saindhava salt (rock salt).
• For using milk if unstated it is always the cow’s milk.
• For the unstated urine it is cow’s urine always.
  
  

As for the ‘anukta’ decisions afore said is always deemed to be taken undoubtedly in all the ayurveda texts. These are defined set of rules that are never changed by any of the Ayurveda elated text. This is in accordance with the basics of Ayurveda remained the same in all the ages but the developing factors were the Bhaishajiya Kalpana (pharmacy) and other ways of treatment. These rules are used till date without any change.

Now a special meaning is taken from certain terms in ayurveda, which literally has got no meaning at all, but it is always deemed to reflect a particular drug substance or class. This is visheshokta. This interesting concept is described in sharangdhar Samhita in sangya (Noun) pratham (first) khand (section) 1/47-50.

One of some examples of the visheshokta is paanchkola {one kol (measure) quantity of five drugs}. From the term ‘panchkol’ it is deemed about the five drugs pippali, pipplimul, chavya, chitraka and sunthi collectively taken in measure of one kol but literally it has got no relevance with the above meaning.

This interesting concept leads us to under stand the various terms used for nomenclature in Bhaishajiya Kalpana and Ayurveda. e.g. The most popular medicine drug ‘triphala’ it is always taken to be Amalaki, Bhibitaki and Haritaki mixed in common proportion. In the same way, Phalatirkadi kwath, chandrapraba vati and Ganagadhar choorna. Thus for under standing the Bhaishajiya Kalpana the concept of anukata and visheshokata is very useful.

References –

Sharangdhar Samhita (classical Sanskrit with Hindi tika) –by Bramhananda Tripathi published by Chaukhambha Sur Bharti Varanasi India

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